The word light also had dual meaning, describing “both physical and spiritual illumination”. Encontre (e salve!) Helemaal links gaan krijgers ten strijde op het platteland. Op het platteland gaan twee legers op elkaar af in een grauw, verbrand landschap, met ruïnes, huizen die in brand staan en er is geen landbouw te zien. Others yet look to the right of the countryside depiction to the small scene of the port, which includes the name "Telamon". Ook het platteland profiteert van goed bestuur: er is een komen en gaan van edellieden en van boeren met hun vee en graan. "Ambrogio Lorenzetti's "War and Peace" Murals Revisited; Contributions to the Meaning of the "Good Government Allegory"" Artibus Et Historiae 23.45 (2002): 63-105. Some scholars take the depiction of the bell tower and the cathedral with its dome to show that this is indeed Siena. There is text along the lower edge of the wall that reads: "Turn your eyes to behold her, you who are governing, who is portrayed here [Justice], crowned on account of her excellence, who always renders to everyone his due. With Lorenzetti emphasizing the children who would ensure peace, he drove home the importance of following activities to foster peace and not disrupt it. At the feet of the ruler are two playing children. A queste seguono due paesaggi di una medesima città (Siena), con gli effetti del Buon Governo dove i cittadini vivono nell'ordine e nell'armonia (sulla parete laterale destra), e gli effetti del Cattivo Governo dove si vede una città in rovina (sulla parete laterale sini… Dancers were common for springtime rituals; they also act as a metaphor for peaceful commonwealth in this painting. This fresco shows that if government is virtuous and rules justly, then the city thrives and prospers. Allegoria ed effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo zo un oberenn italian eus ar Grennamzer, anezhi murlivadurioù gant al livour italian Ambrogio Lorenzetti (1290-1348), a weler ouzh mogerioù ar Sala dei Nove (sal an Nav) pe Sala della Pace (sal ar Peoc'h) er Palazzo Pubblico, ti-kêr Siena.. Istor. Ze zijn gemaakt tussen februari 1338 en mei 1339 en zijn aangebracht bovenaan drie muren in de Zaal van de Raad van Negen, ook wel de Zaal van de Vrede genoemd. Allegory of Good and Bad Government (1338-9) Fresco cycle of six paintings in the Siena Town Hall Seu irmão foi o pintor Pietro Lorenzetti. De gevolgen van goed bestuur zien we rechts in de zaal: De hier geschetste stad, Siena in de 14e eeuw met zijn karakteristieke gebouwen, getuigt van wijsheid, moed, rechtvaardigheid en bezonnenheid. Slecht bestuur en de gevolgen daarvan zijn uitgebeeld op de linker muur. This evidence to them points to the fact that Lorenzetti meant to depict an ideal city, one that the comparison to Siena could not be missed, but was not to be mistaken for Siena.[18]. The figures are naturalistic, and supposedly the female figures represented the ideal of female beauty in Siena. Inoltre, le architetture gotiche e romaniche sono attentamente descritte. Links van Goed Bestuur zitten ook kardinale deugden: Grootmoedigheid (Magnanimitas, schaal met munten op haar schoot), Gematigdheid/Geduld (Temperantia, met zandloper) en Rechtvaardigheid (Justitia, voor de tweede maal).[3]. Ambrogio Lorenzetti : il Buon governo / a cura di Enrico Castelnuovo ; contributi di Maria Monica Donato, Furio Brugnolo. Le forme sono definite, poi, da una linea di contorno. imprint. "A.Lorenzetti, Buon governo, Reigentanz" Picture by AKG Images posters, art prints, canvas prints, greeting cards or gallery prints. ’’Toscane, Kunst & Architectuur’’, pag. Anche le posizioni dei personaggi risultano sciolte e naturali. Scopri (e salva) i tuoi Pin su Pinterest. The Republic of Siena was one of the most powerful of the 14th-century Italian city-states, an urban hub filled with bankers and merchants with many international contacts. De gevolgen van slecht bestuur in de stad zijn: vervallen huizen, nauwelijks handel, geen bouwactiviteiten. This can be seen with the emphasis of mercantile activities which were believed to be Mercury's children. I still believe-obstinately perhaps-that the line of argument I advanced about the iconography of these paintings is basically correct. Known for. Italiano: Si tratta di una serie di affreschi realizzati da Lorenzetti, contemporaneo al periodo del Governo dei Nove.L'autore voleva dare una rappresentazione del governo e delle conseguenze positive dello stesso nella società, e nella vita nella città di Siena. It is also hypothesized that with the depictions of citizens in different labors, Lorenzetti shows the allegorical manifestations of the children of the different planets. Links zit de Gerechtigheid (Vrouwe Justitia), met boven haar hoofd de weegschaal, vastgehouden door de Wijsheid (Sapientia). The Allegory of Good and Bad Government is a series of three fresco panels painted by Ambrogio Lorenzetti between February 1338 and May 1339. Republic of Siena. Boven hem zitten, als tegenhangers van Geloof, Hoop en Liefde: Hebzucht (Avaritia, met een kist met goud), Hoogmoed (Superbia, met zwaard en lelie) en IJdelheid (Vanitas, met spiegel en tak van vergane glorie).[5]. De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie. On the far left of the fresco the figure of Justice is repeated as she is balancing the scales held by Wisdom. Movement. It is believed that they are the representation of Venus's children. MARC View. When looking at the depictions of the personifications of the other planets along the fresco borders, we see that they are seen placed in both their houses. [19] The planets of Jupiter, Saturn, and Mars preside over this scene, as they were the less favorable planets; also included are tyrannical figures such as the Roman Emperor Nero. Rechts zetelt slecht bestuur: Gerechtigheid zit onderaan, helemaal ingebonden; de kapotte weegschaal ligt om haar heen. It is also believed that the two children are Romulus and Remus themselves, who founded Rome. 639798 . Rond zijn hoofd staan de letters CSCV (‘’Commune Saenorum Civitatis Virginis’’, gemeente Siena, stad van de maagd). The door from which the council would enter is found on the opposite northern wall. [13], When examining The Effects of Good Government, the viewer is aware of the use of a skewed perspective. The labors belonging to spring and summer are very clear; “fishing and tending to the vines (March), cultivation of the soil and planting (April), riding (May), ploughing and stock rising (June), cereal harvesting (July), threshing (August), and hunting (September)”. "This holy virtue [Justice], where she rules, induces to unity the many souls [of citizens], and they, gathered together for such a purpose, make the Common Good [ben comune] their Lord; and he, in order to govern his state, chooses never to turn his eyes from the resplendent faces of the Virtues who sit around him. Venus on the other hand is only placed in Taurus, her daytime house. All of these aspects are reminiscent of town scenes found on ancient Roman murals. Il buon governo and other reproductions of famous paintings: in the Ambrogio Lorenzetti collection in bimago you will find a huge selection of this artist’s masterpieces. isbn. The transition is made by an entourage passing through the city gate and out to the countryside beyond city walls. The paintings have been construed as being "designed to remind the Nine [magistrates] of just how much was at stake as they made their decisions".[3]. ^ Beth Harris; Steven Zucker (9 December 2015). Ambrogio Lorenzetti (ou Ambruogio Laurati; c. 1290 - 9 de Junho, 1348) foi um pintor italiano da Escola Sienesa. 'Goed bestuur' zelf wordt gepersonifieerd in de grote, statige figuur die op de troon zit en de kleuren draagt van Siena (zwart en wit). Whereas some scholars strongly believe that the city depicted is supposed to represent Siena, others believe that it is supposed to be more of metaphor for the city. seus próprios Pins no Pinterest. Luigi Einaudi's Legacy and Contemporary Society, Leo Olschki, Firenze, 2012, pp. The streets are deserted, and the country side shows two armies advancing towards each other. The 14th century was a turbulent time for politics in the Italian cities due to constant violent party struggles; governments were overthrown, and governments were reinstated. This inscription is very small, indeed the depiction of the port itself is small. Effeti del buon governo in città - J0B49P from Alamy's library of millions of high resolution stock photos, illustrations and vectors. This painting provides the first accurate panoramic view of city and country (landscape) since antiquity; viewers can identify the city of Siena, as opposed to ambiguous settings found in other works of the time. De fresco’s, met een totale omvang van 296 x 1398 cm[1], vormen een van de omvangrijkste en belangrijkste christen-politieke muurschilderingen uit de middeleeuwen. Behind them, on a stage, there are allegoric figures in two groups, representing the Good Government. 1. The virtues of Good Government are represented by six crowned, stately female figures: Peace, Fortitude, and Prudence on the left, Magnanimity, Temperance, and Justice on the right. Effects of Good Government in the Country. There have been two hypothesizes put forward to explain this departure from a more traditional use of perspective. Onder Goed Bestuur, in dienst van de gerechtigheid, waken ridders over de vrede en over geketende misdadigers. For both of these arguments scholars take their stance from evidence they find within the fresco. The winged allegorical figure of Security hovers above the landscape holding an unfurled scroll promising safety to all who live under the rule of law. Er heerst terreur en angst. The murals occupy an extensive amount of space, covering three of the four walls of the Council Room. "The Book of Wisdom and Lorenzetti's Fresco in the Palazzo Pubblico at Siena. Boven haar, in het midden zit, als teken van ongerechtigheid: Tirannie (een duivel met hoorns en vleermuisvleugels), gekleed in cape met goudstiksel en edelstenen en in zijn hand, als teken van decadentie: een gouden beker. Therefore to him in triumph are offered taxes, tributes, and lordship of towns; therefore, without war, every civic result duly follows—useful necessary, and pleasurable". 178-183, ’’Symbolen en allegorieën’’, pag. The upper band indicates the heavenly sphere with the floating bodiless ghosts of the virtues. Smarthistory. Il Buon Governo La Pace (particolare) 25. Silvestri, Paolo, "After-word. Urzhiet e voe ar murlivadurioù gant Kuzul an Nav, kuzul-kêr Siena. The text within the lower border of the image reads: Ambrogio Lorenzetti's Palazzo Pubblico frescos: "Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Palazzo Pubblico frescos: "Prelude to the Renaissance: Florence and Siena in the 14th century", "Sienese Followers of Duccio: Amrogio and Pietro Lorenzetti", Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, "Ambrogio Lorenzetti's Palazzo Pubblico frescos: Allegory and Effect of Good and Bad Government", http://www.turismo.intoscana.it/allthingstuscany/tuscanyarts/allegory-good-bad-government-siena/, http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/arth213/lorenzetti.html, http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/l/lorenzet/ambrogio/governme/1good1.html, https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/59535.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Allegory_of_Good_and_Bad_Government&oldid=970343057, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Allegorical depictions of good and bad government, “The Allegory of Good and Bad Government in Siena.”, “Sienese Followers of Duccio: Ambrogio and Pietro Lorenzetti.” February 26, 2011. There are many shops, indicating good commerce and economic conditions. Fine Art Reproduction, Canvas on Stretcher, Framed Picture, Glass Print and Wall Paper. Saturn's children are represented by ploughmen, diggers and threshers, and excludes his other children, such as cripples. Below the fresco is the Lorenzetti's signature: Ambrosius Laurentii De Senis Hic Pinxit Utrinque.[6]. The word for vision meant both to see and the image that the mind created. 1290 - aldaar, 1348) was een Italiaanse kunstschilder. The only wall that does not have a mural is the southern wall, as this wall contains the only window of the room. But I now consider2 that more attention needs to be paid to the two most notorious puzzles raised by Lorenzetti's masterpiece, especially as both of them Il buon governo and other reproductions of famous paintings: in the Ambrogio Lorenzetti collection in bimago you will find a fantastic selection of this artist’s masterpieces. These two sides found their forms in either the legitimate planetary deity, or as the nude goddess born of the sea. Wisdom sits above the head of the personification of the Commune of Siena. Order now at low prices! De Allegorie van goed en van slecht bestuur, of L'Allegoria ed Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo, zoals de oorspronkelijke titel in het Italiaans luidt, is een reeks fresco's van Ambrogio Lorenzetti in het Palazzo Pubblico van Siena. ", Greenstein, Jack M. "The Vision of Peace: Meaning and Representation in Ambrogio Lorenzetti's Sala Della Pace Cityscapes.". Considered Lorenzetti's "undisputed masterpiece",[4] the series consists of six different scenes (the titles are all modern conveniences): The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government series was commissioned entirely by a civic group, the Council of Nine (the city council). The new scene shows a bird's-eye view of the Tuscan countryside, with villas, castles, plowed farmlands, and peasants and farmers leisurely going about their bucolic responsibilities. Tweedracht is gekleed in de kleuren van Siena en zaagt haar eigen been door. Lorenzetti's so-called Buon governo frescoes in Siena.' Around his head are the four letters "C S C V", which stand for "Commune Saenorum Civitatis Virginis", which explains his identity as the embodiment of the Siena Council. Ambrogio Lorenzetti ( Italian pronunciation: [amˈbrɔːdʒo lorenˈtsetti]; c. 1290 – 9 June 1348) or Ambruogio Laurati was an Italian painter of the Sienese school. Ambrogio Lorenzetti (of Ambruogio Laurati) (Siena, ca. Click here to load MARC record De Poster Corp Ambrogio Lorenzetti – Effetti del Buon Governo in citta Fine Art Print (60,96 x 121,92 cm): Amazon.nl Overlooking both these murals, the personifications of the allegorical depictions of the virtues of good government are found on the northern wall. <, Campbell, C. Jean. Ambachtslieden zijn volop aan het werk, kooplieden bieden hun waren aan, boeren brengen, op ezels, hun waren naar de markt en meisjes dansen op straat. De dans suggereert een eendracht, die onmisbaar is om vreedzaam samen te leven. Effetti del Buon Governo in città e in campagna 27. Tirannie wordt geflankeerd door Wreedheid, Bedrog en Woede links van hem, en rechts: Tweedracht (met de zaag) en Oorlog (met het schild). That character is guided by Faith, Hope, and Charity. [12], The ten dancers featured in the middle of The Effects of Good Government fresco are the subject of many discussions. Jupiter's children are represented as hunters. Er zijn villa's, kastelen, goede oogsten, goede infrastructuur (wegen en de brug rechtsonder), men is vrij om te reizen zonder bang te hoeven zijn. [3] De burgers zijn onderling verbonden met een touw dat begint bij de rechter engel van Gerechtigheid en via Harmonie naar het Goede Bestuur (koning) loopt. These figures, according to an advice book for city magistrates of the time, were considered to be the “leading enemies of human life”. Ambrogio Lorenzetti: Il Buon Governo: Castelnuovo, Enrico: Amazon.nl Selecteer uw cookievoorkeuren We gebruiken cookies en vergelijkbare tools om uw winkelervaring te verbeteren, onze services aan te bieden, te begrijpen hoe klanten onze services gebruiken zodat we verbeteringen kunnen aanbrengen, en om advertenties weer te geven. Upon closer analysis it is clear that Lorenzetti depicted the children that would help ensure peace, versus those that would be disruptive of it. De gebouwen zien er goed onderhouden uit en edelen gaan te paard in mooie kleding. The traffic moves peacefully, guild members work at their trades, a wedding procession takes place, and maidens can be seen dancing gracefully. ", Frugoni, Chiara. [16], The frescoes of The Effects of Good Government seem to hold one strong point of debate. On the eastern wall, Lorenzetti depicted the scenes of the Effects of Good Government, while on the western wall, opposite the fresco displaying The Effects of Good Government lays the depiction of The Effects of Bad Government. Polzer, Joseph. De fresco's moesten het werk inspireren van de stadsbestuurders die in deze zaal bijeenkwamen. With both the depiction of the monthly labors and the planets' children, Lorenzetti shows the importance of performing the appropriate tasks in accordance to nature to ensure peace. In the foreground the figures of contemporary Siena are represented. In the time of Lorenzetti, the belief was that sight was not only the act of seeing, but of understanding as well. The wall on which the fresco of The Effects of Bad Government is depicted used to be an exterior wall, so has suffered much moisture damage in the past. De Allegorie van goed en van slecht bestuur, of L'Allegoria ed Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo, zoals de oorspronkelijke titel in het Italiaans luidt, is een reeks fresco 's van Ambrogio Lorenzetti in het Palazzo Pubblico van Siena. E' essenziale il ruolo della Giustizia, rappresentata due volte, una insieme alla Magnanimità e Temperanza, l'altra, incoronata in trono all'estrema sinistra con la Sapienza e la Concordia EFFETTI DEL BUON GOVERNO di AMBROGIO LORENZETTI A. LORENZETTI, Allegoria del Buon Governo, "A.Lorenzetti, Buon governo, Landschaft" Picture by AKG Images posters, art prints, canvas prints, greeting cards or gallery prints. Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Allegoria del Buon Governo (Allegorie van Goed Bestuur)(1338-1339), Sala dei Nove, Palazzo Pubblico, Siena. On the longer wall of the room in the Salla is the fresco The Effects of Good Government in the City and in the Country. Allégorie et effets du Bon et du Mauvais Gouvernement (en italien Allegoria ed Effetti del Buono e Cattivo Governo) est un ensemble de fresques d'Ambrogio Lorenzetti placées sur les murs de la Sala dei Nove (la salle des Neuf) ou Sala della Pace (salle de la Paix) du Palazzo Pubblico de Sienne. [14] The second and more popular hypothesis puts forward is the idea that the perspective is derived from the gaze line of Justice. The young women could also represent the Nine Muses of the arts and sciences from Greek mythology. U bepaalt de grootte helemaal zelf series title. Triptychs en andere soorten canvas art prints gemaakt door print techniek op professionele canvas. The most well-known paintings from Ambrogio Lorenzetti collection in the form of canvas prints will … To further support this idea photographs have been taken following her line of sight, and with these photographs the buildings and figures fall into a correct perspective. Lorenzetti's The Effects of Bad Government fresco has not been written on as extensively as The Effects of Good Government, partly due to the worse condition of this fresco. Web Gallery of Art. [1] In de hemel, boven het hoofd, staan de goddelijke deugden: Geloof (Fides, met kruis), Liefde (Caritas, met vlammend hart) en Hoop (Spes), die kijkt naar een visioen van Christus in de hemel. 308-309, ’’Symbolen en allegorieën’’, pag. In Effetti del Buon Governo in città, Lorenzetti rappresenta molti dettagli nelle figure e nelle architetture. From her light is both requiting those who do good and giving due punishment to the wicked."[7]. Canvas schilderijen beschikbaar op Bimago.nl - original designs on canvas. Free 2-day shipping on qualified orders over $35. De burgers zijn kleiner weergegeven dan de Deugden omdat zij aan de deugden onderworpen zijn. Find more Picture art prints and posters in the ARTFLAKES shop. Written on the scroll is the text: “Without fear every many may travel freely and each may till and sow, so long as this commune shall maintain this lady [Justice] sovereign, for she has stripped the wicked of all power.”, In the fresco cycle Lorenzetti expresses the idea that the cause of peace lays not only from the effects of good government, but also from the citizens acting in “accord[ance] with the temporal and astral force that governs” them. The two groups are connected by the procession of the councilors. 357-359, ’’Symboliek In De Renaissance’’, pag. [4] Er wordt volop gebouwd (boven de school). [15] When the viewer is placed into the mindset and understanding of a Sienese citizen of the day, it strengthens the argument that the perspective is from that of Justice, as her gaze then creates and illuminates this peaceful scene. Lorenzetti: Il buon governo. Ambrogio Lorenzettiwas een schilder van … Il Buon GovernoIl Comune – Bene comune seduto tra le virtù 24. The Effect of the Good Goverment is situated on the longer wall of the room. "Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Palazzo Pubblico frescos: Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government". Ambrogio lorenzetti's buon governo frescoes: Two old questions, two new answers. Nationality. In The Allegory of Good Government, the composition is built up from three horizontal bands. With this careful choice, Lorenzetti legitimizes her side as a planetary goddess. Part of that fresco is Peaceful City. For the children of Venus, Lorenzetti chose to show a bride, weavers, and dancers, instead of depicting her more carnal children. Hij werd geboren in Siena en overleed daar in 1348 aan de pest. <, Kren, Emil, and Marx, Daniel. [17] Other scholars look to the gate, as well as other buildings, pointing out the severe differences and departures between the fresco and reality. This is in part to the fact that Lorenzetti presented the scene in such a manner that the viewer must read it right to left, automatically creating a sense of discomfort. The children of Mars, which all depend on the use of weapons, are represented by knights and guards. [11] The labors of winter and fall are also found, but they do not follow the normal conventions of the time for depicting these labors. Includes bibliographical references. Find more Picture art prints and posters in the ARTFLAKES shop. De faam van Ambrogio Lorenzettien de denkbeelden van Aristoteles en Thomas van Aquino. This point is made stronger by the fact that half the seasons and plants are shown depicted over the scene of war, reminding the viewer the faulty error of not acting in accordance. The citizens act as symbolic representations of the various civic officers and magistrates. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that whereas the other virtues sit in an upright position, looking either into space or discreetly at each other, Justice's line of gaze is directed across to the corner of the room. Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Effetti del Buon Governo in campagna, 1338-1339, Sala della Pace, Palazzo Pubblico, Siena : Effects of Good Government on the City Life (detail), fresco in the Palazzo Pubblico, Siena . When we look at the scene of the city itself, it appears to be very jarring; nothing fits as it should be. Ele trabalhou aproximadamente de 1317 até 1348. Het kunstwerk Buon governo, Round Dance - Ambrogio Lorenzetti leveren wij als kunstdruk op canvas, poster, dibond of op kunstpapier. Hij wordt beschouwd als een van de belangrijkste meesters van de Siënese school.. Biografie. [10] Above the mural depicting The Effects of Good Government, these medallions follow the natural order of the seasons and alignment of the planets. The long title of the painting is 'The Allegory of Good and Bad Government in the City and the Countryside' and it is exactly that - namely an accurate depiction of daily life in medieval Siena. The cityscape and the figures’ scale, as well as the perspective, do not seem to follow a rational scheme. They are linked by two woven cords or concords which Concord gathers from under the scales of Justice. Het kunstwerk Buon governo - Ambrogio Lorenzetti leveren wij als kunstdruk op canvas, poster, dibond of op kunstpapier. Gothic. The landscape is particularized, and with characteristics that indicate a specific place and environment. Seu trabalho mostra a influência de Simone Martini e Duccio, embora mais naturalista. They could be the sons of Remus, Ascius and Senius, who, according to Roman legend, are the founders of Siena. De allegorie is gebaseerd op het principe van Aristoteles van gerechtigheid en algemeen welzijn en verbeeldt: ‘’ ‘goed’ en ‘slecht’ bestuur en de gevolgen daarvan in de stad en op het platteland.’’. Controleer de canvasdruk: Il buon governo en andere schilderijen en canvasafdrukken in onze online shop. This is further enforced with her modest dress, instead of being depicted nude. Buy Effetti del Buon Governo in citta Poster Print by Ambrogio Lorenzetti at Walmart.com Onder Gerechtigheid zit de Harmonie (met timmermansschaaf om misverstanden glad te strijken)[2], die door linten verbonden is met de burgers, die deel uitmaken van het bestuur. For which (good-bad) polity? by Ambrogio Lorenzetti. U bepaalt de grootte helemaal zelf “Lorenzetti, Amrbrogio : The Allegory of Good Government.” Web Gallery of Art. (fix it) Keywords No keywords specified (fix it) Categories History of Western Philosophy (categorize this paper) Milano : Electa, c1995. He is dressed in the colors of the Balzana, the black-and-white Sienese coat of arms. The movement of their dancing mimics the arm movements of Venus, and this in combination with their larger scale, creates and draw emphasis to the resounding message that peace in the city must be found in conjecture with the movements of the Heavens. Still though scholars look to this as proof that this scene is meant to accurately depict Siena. ART APPRECIATION For analysis of paintings by Sienese painters like Ambrogio Lorenzetti, see our educational articles: Art Evaluation and How to Appreciate Paintings. Quentin Skinner. Veduta d’ insieme del Buon Governo (1338-39) affresco nella Sala dei Nove, Palazzo Pubblico, Siena 23. Ambrogio Lorenzetti schilderde in de Sala dei Nove van het Palazzo Pubblico in het Italiaanse Siena een beroemde allegorische voorstelling. She guards and defends those who honor her, and nourishes and feeds them. The paintings are located in Siena's Palazzo Pubblico—specifically in the Sala dei Nove ("Salon of Nine"), the council hall of the Republic of Siena's nine executive magistrates,[2] elected officials who performed executive functions (and judicial ones in secular matters).