The mosaic marble pavement was begun in 1209. It was first recorded as such on 4 March 897, when the Count Palatine and envoy of the Holy Roman Emperor sat there to administer justice. In the drum under the dome many heads of prophets are depicted. It was built between 1316 and 1325 by Camaino di Crescentino, the father of Tino di Camaino. The pilasters on each corner, originally in grey stone, were decorated with white and dark green marble in a zebra-like pattern by Arnolfo di Cambio in 1293. Already around the 1000 was placed a marble inlay at the north door which is one of the oldest astronomical Florentine documents. It is the most important narrative cycle of Florentine art before Giotto.[17]. Originally installed on the east side, in place of Pisano's doors, they were later moved to the north side. Battistero di San Giovanni can be crowded, so we recommend booking e-tickets ahead of time to secure your spot. Die Größe des Bauwerkes ist erstaunlich, misst man sie an der geringen Bevölkerungszahl im Florenz des 11. Il Battistero Siena is situated at N.13 of the breath-taking and pictoresque Piazza San Giovanni, heart of medieval Siena. The originals are in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo. Il Battistero di San Giovanni è una delle più antiche chiese di Firenze, posto di fronte alla Cattedrale della città, la chiesa di Santa Maria del Fiore. Below each window is a stylized arch design. Plan your visit. The square is the square of the Baptistery, the back of Siena’s Cathedral. Het Baptisterium San Giovanni (Italiaans: Battistero San Giovanni) is de vrijstaande doopkapel aan de westkant van de Dom van Florence.Het baptisterium is gebouwd tussen 1059 en 1128. This gives an indication that the Baptistery, at that time, was at least equal to the neighbouring cathedral in importance. Vecchietta also painted two scenes on the wall of the apse, representing the Flagellation and the Road to Calvary. These proto-Renaissance doors consist of 28 quatrefoil panels, with the twenty top panels depicting scenes from the life of St. John the Baptist. The bronze-casting and gilding was done by the Venetian Leonardo d'Avanzo, widely recognized as one of the best bronze smiths in Europe. EPOCA - L’edificio attuale, ottagonale all’esterno e circolare all’interno, si presenta come uno dei monumenti più rappresentativi dello stile romanico nel nostro territorio. It was installed in 1658 but is probably much older. Between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries, three bronze double doors were added, with bronze and marble statues above them. These north doors would serve as a votive offering to celebrate the sparing of Florence from relatively recent scourges such as the Black Death in 1348. It was once believed that the Baptistery was originally a Roman temple dedicated to Mars,[5] the tutelary god of the old Florence. The two central busts are portraits of the artist and of his father, Bartolomeo Ghiberti. Leonardo da Vinci is said to have given him technical advice; the pose of John the Baptist resembles that of Leonardo's depiction of the prophet.[11]. Not by chance many illustrious people have called this building home, amazed by the beauty of its surroundings. The Florentines spared neither trouble nor expense in decorating the baptistery. Its construction is attributed to Theodolinda, queen of the Lombards (570–628), to seal the conversion of her husband, King Authari. Il Battistero lateranense, il cui titolo è San Giovanni in Fonte al Laterano, è un luogo di culto cattolico di Roma, a pianta centrale, opera di architettura paleocristiana, modello e archetipo dei battisteri edificati nella cristianità per tutto il medioevo.. Fa parte del complesso della basilica Lateranense These have alternate, pointed and semicircular tympani. Hvis du bestiller med Tripadvisor, kan du avbestille minst 24 timer før startdagen for turen for å få full refusjon. If you book with Tripadvisor, you can cancel at least 24 hours before the start date of your tour for a full refund. If you book with Tripadvisor, you can cancel at least 24 hours before the start date of your tour for a full refund. To protect the original panels for the future, the panels are being restored and kept in a dry environment in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, the museum of the Duomo's art and sculpture. Other early examples are the Lateran Baptistery (440) that provided a model for others throughout Italy, the Church of the Saints Sergius and Bacchus (527–536) in Constantinople and the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna (548). Battistero di s. giovanni in fonte, afrresco.JPG 2,152 × 1,744; 2.26 MB The panels are large rectangles and are no longer embedded in the traditional Gothic quatrefoil, as in the previous doors. Planlegger du å besøke Battistero di San Giovanni-Siena? The font was removed in 1571 on orders from the grand duke Francesco I de' Medici. Se alle 132 billetter og turer i Battistero di San Giovanni på Tripadvisor The present, and much smaller, octagonal font stands near the south entrance. Michele di Matteo da Bologna painted in 1477 the frescoes on the vault of the apse. According to legend, the marbles were brought from Fiesole, conquered by Florence in 1078. Binnen en buitenkant zijn bekleed met dunne platen marmer die een typische Florentijnse reactie vormen op de ornamenten van de klassieke Romeinse en Byzantijnse architectuur. Lo que se sabe con seguridad es que el primer baptisterio construido ahí fue en el … Ghiberti uses different sculptural techniques, from incised lines to almost free-standing figure sculpture, within the panels, further accentuating the sense of space. The Gates of Paradise situated in the Baptistery are a copy of the originals, substituted in 1990 to preserve the panels after over five hundred years of exposure and damage. The octagon had been a common shape for baptisteries for many centuries since early Christian times. The marble revetment of the interior was begun in the second half of the eleventh century. Battistero di San Giovanni can be crowded, so we recommend booking e-tickets ahead of time to secure your spot. Gates of Paradise, Self-portrait bust of artist, Gates of Paradise, The Story of Adam and Eve, A copy of the Gates of Paradise in The Harris Museum, Preston, UK. Ghiberti's autobiography, however, claimed that he had won, "without a single dissenting voice." Some show us oriental zodiac motifs, such as the slab of the astrologer Strozzo Strozzi. The oldest parts are the upper zone of the dome with the hierarchy of angels (2,3), the Last Judgment on the three western segments of the dome (1) and the mosaic above the rectangular chapel on the western side. Se mer » Michelangelo. At his death in 1576 the group was almost finished. Although the Florentine style did not spread across Italy as widely as the Pisan Romanesque or Lombard styles, its influence was decisive for the subsequent development of architecture, as it formed the basis from which Francesco Talenti, Leon Battista Alberti, Filippo Brunelleschi, and other master architects of their time created Renaissance architecture. [14] Giorgio Vasari described them a century later as "undeniably perfect in every way and must rank as the finest masterpiece ever created". In accordance with his style, Jacobus was trained in Venice and strongly influenced by the Byzantine art of the early to mid-thirteenth century. In 1424 he received a second commission, this time for the east doors of the baptistery,[12] on which he and his workshop (including Michelozzo and Benozzo Gozzoli) toiled for 27 years, excelling themselves. The figures are distributed in very low relief in a perspective space (a technique invented by Donatello and called rilievo schiacciato, which literally means "flattened relief"). The Baptistery has eight equal sides with a rectangular addition on the west side. Florence and Central Italy, 1400–1600 A.D. "A Baptistery below the Baptistery of Florence", The Premier Artists of the Italian Low Renaissance, "One of Florence's Renaissance Prizes to Go on U.S. Tour", "Gates of Paradise to be Installed at Nelson-Atkins", "Brunelleschi & Ghiberti, The Sacrifice of Isaac", Crying at the Florence Baptistery Entrance: A Testimony of a Traveling Jew, Museums in Florence - The Baptistery of Florence, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Florence_Baptistery&oldid=994676596, Buildings and structures completed in 1128, 11th-century Roman Catholic church buildings, Articles lacking reliable references from March 2020, Articles needing additional references from September 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2009, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 16 December 2020, at 23:25. Battistero di San Giovanni. BATTISTERO SAN GIOVANNI BATTISTA . The middle section features three blind arches on each side, each arch containing a window. The façade, in Gothic style, is unfinished in the upper part, such as the apse of the cathedral. Bestill reisen din med hotell, fly og leiebil her, og spar stort! See all 127 Battistero di San Giovanni tickets and tours on Tripadvisor The Florence Baptistery, also known as the Baptistery of Saint John (Italian: Battistero di San Giovanni), is a religious building in Florence, Italy, and has the status of a minor basilica. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}43°19′05″N 11°19′46″E / 43.31806°N 11.32944°E / 43.31806; 11.32944, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siena_Baptistery_of_San_Giovanni&oldid=979425679, Buildings and structures completed in 1325, 14th-century Roman Catholic church buildings, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, "Annunciation to Zacharias" by Jacopo della Quercia (1428-1429), "Birth of John the Baptist" by Giovanni di Turino (1427), "Baptist Preaching" by Giovanni di Turino (1427), "Arrest of John the Baptist" by Ghiberti and Giuliano di Ser Andrea, This page was last edited on 20 September 2020, at 17:50. Three original panels made a US tour in 2007-2008, and then were reunited in a frame and hermetically sealed with the intention of making the panels appear in the context of the doors for public viewing. The sides, originally constructed in sandstone, are clad in geometrically patterned, colored marble, white Carrara with green Prato marble inlay, reworked in Romanesque style between 1059 and 1128. Dante crea la leyenda de que el Battistero di San Giovanniera en su inicio un templo romano en donde se adoraba al dios Marte, considerado el dios tutelar de la antigua Florencia. Since the inscription also names Emperor Frederick II, the inscription and the completion of the first phase of mosaics must fall within the Ghibelline phase of Florentine rule between 1238 and 1250.[17]. At that time, the baptistery was surrounded by a cemetery with Roman sarcophagi, used by important Florentine families as tombs (now in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo). [3] Michelangelo dubbed the east doors the Gates of Paradise. Ghiberti employed the recently discovered principles of perspective to give depth to his compositions. These had ten panels depicting scenes from the Old Testament, and were in turn installed on the east side. Il battistero del Laterano, con la sua pianta ottagonale, si leva separato dalla basilica. It is in the square with the same name, near the final spans of the choir of the city's cathedral. Praktische Erfordernisse können die Dimensionen nicht erklären. It shows a gigantic majestic Christ and angels with the instruments of the passion at each side (formerly attributed to the painter Coppo di Marcovaldo), the rewards of the saved leaving their tomb in joy (at Christ's right hand), and the punishments of the damned (at Christ's left hand). Work on these statues was continued much later in 1569 by Vincenzo Danti, a sculptor from the school of Michelangelo. [7][a] It is certain that an initial octagonal baptistery was erected here in the late 4th or early 5th century. He then left for Rome to work on a new commission, leaving these statues unfinished. Baptisteriul din Florența (în italiană Battistero di San Giovanni) este un lăcaș de cult aferent Catedralei Santa Maria del Fiore din Florența.Edificiul a fost construit între anii 1059 și … The construction was finished in 1128. Ny!! The other scenes on the lower zones of the five eastern sections of the dome depict different stories in horizontal tiers of mosaic: (starting at the top) stories from the Book of Genesis; stories of Joseph; stories of Mary and the Christ and finally in the lower tier, stories of Saint John the Baptist, patron saint of the church. It was reconsecrated on 6 November 1059 by Pope Nicholas II, a Florentine. At the time of judging, only Ghiberti and Brunelleschi were finalists, and when the judges could not decide, they were assigned to work together on them. Brunelleschi's pride got in the way, and he went to Rome to study architecture leaving Ghiberti to work on the doors himself. The marble shrine on the font was designed by Jacopo della Quercia between 1427 and 1429. Rimarranno chiusi al pubblico, fino al 31 luglio 2020, il Battistero di San Giovanni, la Cripta, il Panorama dal Facciatone, Porta del Cielo e la Libreria Piccolomini. [6] Excavations in the 20th century have shown that there was a 1st-century Roman wall running through the piazza with the Baptistery, which may have been built on the remains of a Roman guard tower on the corner of this wall, or possibly another Roman building including a second-century house which was restored in the late 4th or early 5th century. In "The Story of Joseph" is portrayed the narrative scheme of Joseph Cast by His Brethren into the Well, Joseph Sold to the Merchants, The merchants delivering Joseph to the pharaoh, Joseph Interpreting the Pharaoh's dream, The Pharaoh Paying him Honour, Jacob Sends His Sons to Egypt and Joseph Recognizes His Brothers and Returns Home. It is the masterwork of Vincenzo Danti from 1571. Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence Baptistery, or Baptistery of Saint John) is located in Piazza del Duomo, near the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore and the Campanile di Giotto. Battistero di San Giovanni kan være fullpakket, så vi anbefaler å bestille e-billetter på forhånd for å sikre deg en plass. The Battistero di San Giovanni (Italian: "Baptistry of St. John") is a religious building in Siena, Italy. Gates of Paradise Gates of Paradise - detail Gates of Paradise - Solomon and the Queen of Sheba The building contains the monumental tomb of Antipope John XXIII, by Donatello. The Italian poet Dante Alighieri and many other notable Renaissance figures, including members of the Medici family, were baptized in this baptistery.[4]. Bygningen har fått et pyramideformer tak, hvelvinger mot gatene rundt bygningen og dekorasjonen av hjørnepilastene utført av Arnolfo di Cambio. In the case of the Florentine Romanesque, one can speak of "proto-renaissance",[2] but at the same time an extreme survival of the late antique architectural tradition in Italy, as in the cases of the Basilica of San Salvatore, Spoleto, the Temple of Clitumnus, and the church of Sant'Alessandro in Lucca. The earlier baptistery was the city's second basilica after San Lorenzo, outside the northern city wall, and predates the church Santa Reparata. The Last Judgment, created by Jacobus and his workshop, was the largest and most important spiritual image created in the Baptistery. The Battistero di San Giovanni has three doors, of which the most important is called the Gates of Paradise. The Baptistery is renowned for its three sets of artistically important bronze doors with relief sculptures. The south doors were created by Andrea Pisano and the north and east doors by Lorenzo Ghiberti. Battistero di San Giovanni eller Firenzes dåpskapell er oppført over el langt tidsrom og har gjennomgått store forandringer. East gate (Lorenzo Ghiberti) La porta del battistero, verso il 1860. The exterior is also ornamented with a number of artistically significant statues by Andrea Sansovino (above the Gates of Paradise), Giovan Francesco Rustici, Vincenzo Danti (above the south doors) and others. It was enlarged with a rectangular entrance porch in 1202, leading into the original western entrance of the building, that in the 15th century became an apse, after the opening of the eastern door facing the western door of the cathedral by Lorenzo Ghiberti. Two of the bronze angels are by Donatello, three by Giovanni di Turino (the sixth is by an unknown artist). It took Ghiberti 21 years to complete these doors. Il Battistero di San Giovanni a Firenze è un magnifico edificio romanico, dalla storia complessa. Browse our largest collection of experiences. Some of the original panels are on view in the museum; the remaining original panels are being restored and cleaned using lasers in lieu of potentially damaging chemical baths. The building contains the monumental tomb of Antipope John XXIII by Donatello and Michelozzo Michelozzi. Ghiberti himself said they were "the most singular work that I have ever made". There was an octagonal font, its base still clearly visible in the middle of the floor. An inscription in the mosaic above the western rectangular chapel states the date of the beginning of the work and the name of the artist. See all 125 Battistero di San Giovanni tickets and tours on Tripadvisor The style of this church would serve as a prototype, influencing many architects, such as Leone Battista Alberti, in their design of Renaissance churches in Tuscany. The present much bigger Baptistery was built in Romanesque style around 1059, evidence of the growing economic and political importance of Florence. The panels represent the Life of John the Baptist, and include: These panels are flanked on the corners by six figures, two by Donatello ("Faith" and "Hope") in 1429; three by Giovanni di Turino ("Justice", "Charity" and "Providence", 1431); and the "Fortitude" is by Goro di Ser Neroccio (1431). They were sculpted by Francesco Rustici and are superior to any sculpture he did before. The interior walls are clad in dark green and white marble with inlaid geometrical patterns. Recommended. Each panel depicts more than one episode. Es handelt sich vielmehr um „Architektur als Bedeutungsträger“: um einen Repräsentationsbau, mit dem im Zeitalter des Investiturstreites (1077: Gang nach Canossa) die herausgehobene Stellung vo… [15] One of the few copies made in the 1940s is installed in Grace Cathedral, in San Francisco; copies of the doors are also crafted for the Kazan Cathedral in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in 2017 for the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art[16] in Kansas City, Missouri. Gate of Paradise Gates. Battistero di San Giovanni: esterno Battistero di San Giovanni: interno Iniziato nel 1152 dall'architetto pisano Diotisalvi , il Battistero, capolavoro dell'architettura romanica pisana, è un grandioso volume a pianta circolare, il cui riferimento più diretto è il Santo Sepolcro di Gerusalemme. Battistero San Giovanni, Osimo: Se anmeldelser fra reisende, artikler, bilder og gode tilbud for Battistero San Giovanni i Osimo, Italia på Tripadvisor. Other marble came from ancient structures. See all 125 Battistero di San Giovanni tickets and tours on Tripadvisor The Florence Baptistery, also known as the Baptistery of Saint John (Italian: Battistero di San Giovanni), is a religious building in Florence, Italy, and has the status of a minor basilica. Our most popular tours and activities. The artist was previously falsely identified to be the Roman mosaicist Jacopo Torriti, who was active around 1300. Finn fantastiske tilbud her. Historic Sites, Sacred & Religious Sites. [citation needed] The granite pilasters were probably taken from the Roman forum sited at the location of the present Piazza della Repubblica. There is a Latin inscription on top of the door: Andreas Ugolini Nini de Pisis me fecit A.D. MCCCXXX (Andrea Pisano made me in 1330). Ingresso gratuito fino al 31 luglio 2020 The Baptistery is one of the oldest buildings in the city, constructed between 1059 and 1128 in the Florentine Romanesque style. The group of bronze statues above the gate depict The Beheading of St John the Baptist. [1] The octagonal baptistery stands in both the Piazza del Duomo and the Piazza San Giovanni, across from Florence Cathedral and the Campanile di Giotto. original. The panels are included in a richly decorated gilt framework of foliage and fruit, many statuettes of prophets and 24 busts. Walking & Biking Tours. These gilded bronze doors consist of twenty-eight panels, with twenty panels depicting the life of Christ from the New Testament. He had bequeathed several relics and his great wealth to this baptistery. An octagonal lantern was added to the pavilion roof around 1150. Baptistery Battistero di San Giovanni Play media. The Baptistry of San Giovanni, one of the most ancient churches in Florence, sits opposite the city's cathedral, the church of Santa Maria del Fiore.. Octagonal in plan, it is totally clad in slabs of white Carrara and green Prato marble. The group was finally completed with the addition of an angel by Innocenzo Spinazzi in 1792. Dante is said to have broken one of the lower basins while rescuing a child from drowning. As recommended by Giotto, Andrea Pisano was awarded the commission to design the first set of doors in 1329. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}43°46′24″N 11°15′17″E / 43.773224°N 11.254602°E / 43.773224; 11.254602, Some of these relics, including the guard tower and the, Learn how and when to remove this template message, History of Medieval Arabic and Western European domes, Brunelleschi & Ghiberti, The Sacrifice of Isaac. The original designs of The Sacrifice of Isaac by Ghiberti and Brunelleschi are on display in the museum of the Bargello. Coordinate. Video Gates . This took six years, the doors being completed in 1336. 873 Reviews #8 of 146 things to do in Siena. Michelangelo referred to these doors as fit to be the Gates of Paradise (Porte del Paradiso), and they are still invariably referred to by this name. Il battistero di San Giovanni Battista sorge di fronte alla cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore, in piazza San Giovanni.Dedicato al patrono della città di Firenze, ha la dignità di basilica minore.. Inizialmente era collocato all'esterno della cerchia delle mura, ma fu compreso, insieme al duomo, nelle mura realizzate da Matilde di Canossa ("quarta cerchia"). For example, in panel 15 of the north doors (Flagellation) the casting of the second column in the front row has been mistakenly overlaid over an arm, so that one of the flagellators looks trapped in stone, with his hand sticking out of it.[13]. The Battistero di San Giovanni (Italian: "Baptistry of St. John") is a religious building in Siena, Italy.It is in the square with the same name, near the final spans of the choir of the city's cathedral.. Battistero di San Giovanni can be crowded, so we recommend booking e-tickets ahead of time to secure your spot. These finalists include Lorenzo Ghiberti, Filippo Brunelleschi, Donatello and Jacopo della Quercia,[9] with 21-year-old Ghiberti winning the commission. This font, which once stood in the church of Santa Reparata, was installed here in 1128. In 1401, a competition was announced by the Arte di Calimala (Cloth Importers Guild) to design doors which would eventually be placed on the north side of the baptistery. The two porphyry columns on each side of the Gates of Paradise were plundered by the Pisans in Majorca and given in gratitude to the Florentines in 1114 for protecting their city against Lucca while the Pisan fleet was conquering the island. It was built between 1316 and 1325 by Camaino di Crescentino, the father of Tino di Camaino.The façade, in Gothic style, is unfinished in the upper part, such as the apse of the cathedral. Il suo nucleo originario dovrebbe risalire al IV o al V secolo, quando fu edificato sui resti di una struttura romana del I secolo d.C., probabilmente una ricca domus che tuttavia fu scambiata per un tempio dedicato a Marte. A total of sixty pictures originated in the last decade of the thirteenth century. The panels are surrounded by a framework of foliage in the door case and gilded busts of prophets and sibyls at the intersections of the panels. These parts were executed around 1330 by mosaicists from Siena. The frescoes are by Vecchietta and his school (1447-1450, Articles of Faith, Prophets and Sibyls), Benvenuto di Giovanni, the school of Jacopo della Quercia e, perhaps, one by Piero Orioli. In the interior, the rectangular hall, divided into a nave and two aisles by two columns, contains a hexagonal baptismal font in bronze, marble and vitreous enamel, realized in 1417-1431 by the main sculptors of the time: Donatello (panel of "Herod's Banquet" and statues of the "Faith" and "Hope"), Lorenzo Ghiberti, Giovanni di Turino, Goro di Neroccio and Jacopo della Quercia (statue of John the Baptist and other figures). The niches are separated by monolithic columns of Sardinian granite. If you book with Tripadvisor, you can cancel at least 24 hours before the start date of your tour for a full refund. The eight lower panels depict the eight virtues of hope, faith, charity, humility, fortitude, temperance, justice and prudence. Die Höhe des Pantheons wird nur um 1/5 unterschritten; in der Raumweite werden immerhin 2/3 des römischen Vorbildes erreicht. Aunque hallazgos arqueológicos en el siglo pasado demostraron que existía un muro romano que atravesaba la plaza de esa zona. The moulded reliefs in the doorcase were added by Lorenzo Ghiberti in 1452. The key artists employed were Corso di Buono and Cimabue. These north doors were sculpted by Lorenzo Ghiberti, a 22-year old artist that took 26 years to complete (from 1426 until 1452). This last part is particularly famous: evil doers are burnt by fire, roasted on spits, crushed with stones, bitten by snakes, gnawed and chewed by hideous beasts. Battistero di San Giovanni, Firenze: Se 4.407 anmeldelser, artikler og 2.859 billeder fra Battistero di San Giovanni, nr.28 på Tripadvisor af 653 seværdigheder i Firenze. The Baptistery of San Giovanni is one of the oldest astronomical places in the city of Florence. The octagonal baptistery stands in both the Piazza del Duomo and the Piazza San Giovanni, across from Florence Cathedral and the Campanile di Giotto. A gilt statue, with the face turned to the spectator, reposes on a deathbed, supported by two lions, under a canopy of gilt drapery. The design work on the sides is arranged in groupings of three, starting with three distinct horizontal sections. The interior, which is rather dark, is divided into a lower part with columns and pilasters and an upper part with a walkway. Media in category "Battistero di San Giovanni in Fonte (Naples)" The following 17 files are in this category, out of 17 total. The reliefs are attributed to Andrea Pisano or his school. The south doors were originally installed on the east side, facing the Duomo, and were transferred to their present location in 1452. The geometric patterns in the floor are complex. Some chapels of the gallery are also decorated with mosaic. [10], The bronze statues over the northern gate depict John the Baptist preaching to a Pharisee and Sadducee. The Baptistery is crowned by a magnificent mosaic ceiling. Many artists competed for this commission and a jury selected seven semi-finalists. The chronicler Giovanni Villani reported this medieval Florentine legend in his 14th-century Nuova Cronica on the history of Florence. On the corners, under the roof, are monstrous lion heads with a human head under their claws. They are early representations of Marzocco, the heraldic Florentine lion (the symbol of Mars, the god of war, the original male protector of Florentia, protecting a lily or iris, the symbol of the original female patron of the town, Flora, the fertile agricultural earth goddess). He was showered with commissions, even from the pope. The Gates of Paradise are surmounted by a (copy of a) group of statues portraying the Baptism of Christ by Andrea Sansovino.